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SARS-CoV-2 refers to the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, which is a respiratory illness that emerged in late 2019. This virus is a novel coronavirus that can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild respiratory issues to severe illness, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recognizing SARS-CoV-2 as the agent behind COVID-19 is crucial for understanding the transmission, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Identifying this relationship clarifies public health responses and informs medical protocols aimed at controlling the spread of the virus.

In contrast, the other options refer to different respiratory or allergic conditions. The influenza virus is a separate pathogen that causes seasonal flu, while seasonal allergies are triggered by environmental allergens and do not involve a viral infection. Pneumonia can be a consequence of COVID-19 but is not the virus itself; it is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. Understanding these distinctions helps in grasping the broader context of respiratory diseases and their causes.